| Peer-Reviewed

Microbial Colonization and Multi Drug Resistance Patterns of Phones of Health Care Workers: Potential for Nosocomial Pathogens Transmission in Delta State, Nigeria

Received: 13 January 2022    Accepted: 5 February 2022    Published: 20 April 2022
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Mobile phones are integral component of man’s social life. Mobile phones could constitute health hazards, apart from electromagnetic radiations emitted, these devices could serve as sources of pathogenic and non pathogenic microorganisms as they come in contact with human body parts and other surfaces during usage. The study was conducted to evaluate microbial colonization and multi drug resistance patterns of phones of health care workers in Delta State. One hundred and thirty phones of health care workers were swabbed asceptically, self administered questionnaires were used to collected data from respondents to find out their hygienic altitude towards their phones. Swabs were cultured in bacteriological and mycologic media. Microbial isolates identification and sensitivity tests were done using standard methods. Most of the health care workers phones were contaminated though they admitted cleaning of phones. Bacterial and fungal contamination were 92.31% and 71.54% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (33.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.33%) and Escherichia coli (25%) are potential nosocomial pathogens and were more dominant. Geotrichum spp (37.63%), Aspergillus niger (27.96%) and Mucor spp. (21.51%) were prevalent among the fungi species. All bacteria were resistant to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime and augumentin however sensitive to gentamycin in varied degree. Phones of health care workers carry pathogens which were multidrug resistant so could pose health risk to patients. Measures should be put in place for phones of health care workers to be cleaned always to avoid being a source of pathogenic organisms.

Published in International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijmb.20220702.12
Page(s) 58-63
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mobile Phones, Multi Drug Resistance, Health Care Workers

References
[1] AL Laham, N. Mehivilla, J. R, Chan, L. Abdelateef, N. Elamren, F. A. Ginoccho, C. C et al., (2008). MRSA colonal complex 22 strains harbouring toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) are endemic in primary hospital in Gaza, Palestian Plos one, 10 (3). e0120008.
[2] Khan, H. A., Ahmad< A. and Mehboob (2015) Nosocomial Infections and their control strategies. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 5 (7): 509-514.
[3] Olu- Taiwo, M, Laryee, C. A, Mykels D. K, and Forson, A. O. (2021). Multi drug resistant bacetteria on the mobile phones and computer keyboards of Health-care university students in Ghana Canadan Journal of infectious diseases and medical microbiology https://doiorg/10.115512021/1647959
[4] World health Organizarion. Prevention of hospital acquired infection: apractical quide, Geneva: World Health Organization: 2002 (online https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/5820954/prevention-of-hospital-acquired-infections-world-health-organization, accessed 26-112020.
[5] Ulger, F., Dilek, A., Esen, S. Subul, M. Leblebicioky. H. (2018). Are health Workers’ mobile phons a potential source of nosocomial infections?. Review of Infectivity. The Journal of infection in developing countries 9 (10) 1046-1053.
[6] Bodene, D, Teklamerinyz, balkrichung, S. and Tesfa 920190. Bacterial contamination of mobile phones of health professionals in Eastern Ethiopia. Antimicrobial susceptibility and associated factors tropical medicine and health, 47: 15, 1-10.
[7] Grace, E. A and Segre, F. A (2011). He skin Microbiome Nature reviews, microbiology, 9 (4): 244-253.
[8] Madhuri, J. R., Saraswathi, M., Mahitha, G., Bhargavi, M., Deepika, S. and Lakshmi, V. G. (2015). Bacterial contamination of mobile phones and computers in microbiological laboratories. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience, 3 (9), 51-55.
[9] CLSI (2012). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically, Approved Standard, 9th ed., CLSI document M07-A9. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087, USA.
[10] Chih_Hsiang, C, Szu-yuan, C., Jang-hil, L., Chu-Jan, C., YUHAN, c. AND Pang-Hsin, H. (2017). Nasal colonization and bacterial contamination of mobile phoneds carried by medical staff in operating room.
[11] Debnath, T., Bhowmik, S., Islam, I., Choudhury, (2018). Presence off multi-drug resistant bactreria on mobile phones of health workers accelerates the spread of nosocomial infections and regarded aas a threat to public health in Bangladesh. Journal of microbiology and ultrastructure 6 (3): 165-169.
[12] Piphya, S. and Jain, S. K (2015). Bacterial contamination of mobile phones of Health Care Worker in a tertiaty care hospital. Indian Journal of Applied research 5 (8): 732-735.
[13] Balapriya, P. Padmakumari, J. Vijayalakshm, J. (2016) A screening for nosocomial pathogens in stethoscopes sphygmomanometers and mobile phones of health care providers in a tertiary care hospital Int. J. Curr. Microbial Appl Sci 5 (10); 91-8.
[14] Lausch, K. R., Fuusted, K, Larsen, C. S, Storgaard, M. (2013) Colonisation with multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized Danish patients with a history of recent travel. A crossectional study. Travel Med. Infect. Diseaes 11 (5): 320-3.
[15] Jones, B. L, German, L. J. Simpson, J. Curran, E. T, McNamee, S, Lucas C, et al., An outreach of Serriatia marcescens in two neonatal intensive care units J. Hosp. Inect 46 (4): 314: 9.
[16] Rabier, V., bateillon, S, Jolivet-Gougeon, Chapplain, J. M. (2008). Beuchee, A. Betremieux, P. Handwashing soap as a source of neonatal Serratia marcscens outbreak Acta Paediatr 97 (10): 38: 1-5.
[17] Ibtasam, O. A., Mohamed, E. El fedaa, M. F and Morad, A. S (2016). Microbial contamination of mobile phones of health care workers in teaching hospitals, West Libya LJMR Comly 10 (1): 140-147.
[18] Anibijuwon, I. I. Odaibo, D. O. Omojasola, D. F and Ibrahim, F. R. (2015) isolation of microorganism on the surfaces of mobile. Nigerian Society for Microbiology 28: 2821-2828.
[19] Oteo, J’ Nwarro, C’ Cercenads, E. Delgado-Iribarren, A., Wilhelmi, I., Orden, B. Garaa-cobos, S., Araal, B., bautista, V. And Campos, J. (2006). Spread of E. coli strain with high-level cefotaxime and cetadime resistane between community, long term care facilities and hospital institutions Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 44 (70): 2359-2366.
[20] Enass, G. S. (201) Isolation, identification, and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from mobile phones of students J. of chemistry of Anbar for pure science 9 (3): 7-9.
[21] Shiluli, C. Achok, C. Nyaswa, P., Ogwai, S. Aroko, A., Obila, J, Koigi, G, Ridhwana, M. Okwayo, B., Warijiru, D, Lukeha, L. Ryckaert, E., Durme, A. V, Walschaerts, V and De Preter, V. (2021) Antimicrobisl sensitivity patterns of Staphylococcus species isolated from mobile phones and implications in the health sector BM Research Notes 14: 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-020-05413-7
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Adomi Patience Ogheneochuko. (2022). Microbial Colonization and Multi Drug Resistance Patterns of Phones of Health Care Workers: Potential for Nosocomial Pathogens Transmission in Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 7(2), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20220702.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Adomi Patience Ogheneochuko. Microbial Colonization and Multi Drug Resistance Patterns of Phones of Health Care Workers: Potential for Nosocomial Pathogens Transmission in Delta State, Nigeria. Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2022, 7(2), 58-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20220702.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Adomi Patience Ogheneochuko. Microbial Colonization and Multi Drug Resistance Patterns of Phones of Health Care Workers: Potential for Nosocomial Pathogens Transmission in Delta State, Nigeria. Int J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022;7(2):58-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20220702.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmb.20220702.12,
      author = {Adomi Patience Ogheneochuko},
      title = {Microbial Colonization and Multi Drug Resistance Patterns of Phones of Health Care Workers: Potential for Nosocomial Pathogens Transmission in Delta State, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {58-63},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmb.20220702.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20220702.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmb.20220702.12},
      abstract = {Mobile phones are integral component of man’s social life. Mobile phones could constitute health hazards, apart from electromagnetic radiations emitted, these devices could serve as sources of pathogenic and non pathogenic microorganisms as they come in contact with human body parts and other surfaces during usage. The study was conducted to evaluate microbial colonization and multi drug resistance patterns of phones of health care workers in Delta State. One hundred and thirty phones of health care workers were swabbed asceptically, self administered questionnaires were used to collected data from respondents to find out their hygienic altitude towards their phones. Swabs were cultured in bacteriological and mycologic media. Microbial isolates identification and sensitivity tests were done using standard methods. Most of the health care workers phones were contaminated though they admitted cleaning of phones. Bacterial and fungal contamination were 92.31% and 71.54% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (33.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.33%) and Escherichia coli (25%) are potential nosocomial pathogens and were more dominant. Geotrichum spp (37.63%), Aspergillus niger (27.96%) and Mucor spp. (21.51%) were prevalent among the fungi species. All bacteria were resistant to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime and augumentin however sensitive to gentamycin in varied degree. Phones of health care workers carry pathogens which were multidrug resistant so could pose health risk to patients. Measures should be put in place for phones of health care workers to be cleaned always to avoid being a source of pathogenic organisms.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Microbial Colonization and Multi Drug Resistance Patterns of Phones of Health Care Workers: Potential for Nosocomial Pathogens Transmission in Delta State, Nigeria
    AU  - Adomi Patience Ogheneochuko
    Y1  - 2022/04/20
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20220702.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmb.20220702.12
    T2  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    JF  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    JO  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    SP  - 58
    EP  - 63
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-9686
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20220702.12
    AB  - Mobile phones are integral component of man’s social life. Mobile phones could constitute health hazards, apart from electromagnetic radiations emitted, these devices could serve as sources of pathogenic and non pathogenic microorganisms as they come in contact with human body parts and other surfaces during usage. The study was conducted to evaluate microbial colonization and multi drug resistance patterns of phones of health care workers in Delta State. One hundred and thirty phones of health care workers were swabbed asceptically, self administered questionnaires were used to collected data from respondents to find out their hygienic altitude towards their phones. Swabs were cultured in bacteriological and mycologic media. Microbial isolates identification and sensitivity tests were done using standard methods. Most of the health care workers phones were contaminated though they admitted cleaning of phones. Bacterial and fungal contamination were 92.31% and 71.54% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (33.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.33%) and Escherichia coli (25%) are potential nosocomial pathogens and were more dominant. Geotrichum spp (37.63%), Aspergillus niger (27.96%) and Mucor spp. (21.51%) were prevalent among the fungi species. All bacteria were resistant to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime and augumentin however sensitive to gentamycin in varied degree. Phones of health care workers carry pathogens which were multidrug resistant so could pose health risk to patients. Measures should be put in place for phones of health care workers to be cleaned always to avoid being a source of pathogenic organisms.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

  • Sections